THE CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF DEMINING MACHINES AND DUAL-USE GOODS: CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINE AND OVERCOMING PROBLEMS

Dr. Dmytro Plynokos · National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

Abstract

The article addresses the issues of customs clearance of demining equipment, which is often classified as dual-use goods (DUG). It emphasizes the critical role of these goods in ensuring the safety of civilians, military units, and the economic recovery of regions. The key elements of DUG movement management are analyzed, including legislative control, licensing, lists of goods, verification mechanisms, international coordination, and accountability. Particular attention is paid to legislative requirements for customs clearance, such as the availability of permitting documents, the use of the “single window” mechanism, and the adaptation of procedures during wartime. The article also examines the mandatory certification of demining equipment and the implementation of the DSTU 8820:2023 standard. The main challenges identified include the complexity of identifying goods within the Ukrainian Classification of Goods for Foreign Economic Activity (UCGFEA), lengthy licensing procedures, the need to submit a large volume of documentation, and corruption risks. Special attention is given to the necessity of adapting national legislation to international standards, such as the Wassenaar Arrangement, as well as implementing electronic document processing systems to expedite procedures. The article highlights the importance of introducing a risk-based approach, enhancing the qualifications of customs officials, modernizing IT infrastructure, and ensuring cybersecurity. To improve the qualifications of customs officials, it is proposed to organize specialized training sessions, learning programs with international experts, online courses, and customs clearance simulations based on real scenarios. The training topics should cover the specifics of DUG classification, current legislative changes, and the use of modern customs clearance platforms. The proposed measures will contribute to ensuring the timely delivery of critically important goods, reducing the risks of illegal transfers and delays, and strengthening the security and economic recovery of Ukraine.